50 years of evolving needs and solutions

	The need for a lifelike training aid for mouth-to-mouth ventilation, and to make rescuers willing to blow into a ”dead” person, led Asmund S. Laerdal, together with Dr. Bjorn Lind and Dr.Peter Safar to develop Resusci-Anne.

	The first AHA/JAMA Guidelines for CPR in 1974 recommended that full CPR be taught also to lay people. Recording Resusci Anne allowed “training to perfection”, reporting quality of CPR on a paper strip.

	In the 1980's the American Heart Association set a criteria of 90% correct performance to obtain CPR certification: SkillMeter Resusci Anne was developed to meet the need for quantitative real-time CPR measurement and feedback.

	In the 1990’s there was much focus on sufficient hands-on practice. Little Anne was introduced (1995) as a supplemental trainer to meet the need for a lower student to manikin ratio.

	In the 2000's growing concern about patient safety and costefficiency caused increased focus on patient simulation and self-directed learning. Also, research demonstrated that the quality of CPR delivered even by health care professionals was poor and that CPR measurement and feedback helped improve performance.